There are various exhibits by theme in the museum.

The World of the Cretaceous Period and Fossils
The museum exhibits approximately 1,000 fossils, mainly ammonites discovered in Hokkaido, in a blue-colored room reminiscent of the undersea environment of the Cretaceous Period 100 million years ago. It is known as the best ammonite museum in Japan, displaying 600 ammonites of about 190 species from Hokkaido.

The footprints of a local native].
Since the Meiji era (1868-1912), many coal mines flourished in Mikasa, and many people lived in the city. The city has produced many talented people, some of whom went on to become famous in their respective fields. In this exhibition room, we display the belongings and memorabilia of two people in the field of medicine, one in the field of art, and one in the field of sports.

The Beginning of the Coal Industry
The modern history of Mikasa began with the discovery of coal in the city during the Meiji era. This exhibit introduces basic knowledge about coal, such as what coal is, how it is made, and how it is used.

Coal Mines and People's Lives
Since the Horonai Coal Mine opened in 1879, Mikasa City has lived with coal mining for more than 110 years until 1989, when the last coal mine closed. The exhibition includes a chronological table that visually summarizes the prosperity and decline of the coal industry in Mikasa.

Shuji Jigyo and Prisoners
The town has a history of development along with the coal mines, and the Sorachi Regional Prisoner Training Center, established in 1882 (Meiji 15), has played an important role in the history of the town. Sorachi-shujijikan is a facility that corresponds to today's prisons. The Sorachi Juji Jigyo is a facility that is equivalent to today's prisons.

Forest Materials Exhibition Room] (Annex)
About 80% of the area of Mikasa City is forest. This room displays specimens of animals (stuffed animals and insects) that live in Mikasa, as well as materials related to forestry.

Open-Air Museum (Cycling Path)
The Open-Air Museum is a 1.2 km long cycling path (only pedestrians and bicycles are allowed) that allows visitors to observe the flora, fauna, and geological strata of the area using the former tracks of the forest railroad used to carry out the logs cut in Katsurazawa (around where Lake Katsurazawa is now located) from 1938 to 1956. (Only pedestrians and bicycles are allowed on the path.) The path starts on the east side of the museum's main building and is 1.2 km long, so it takes about 40 minutes to make a round trip on foot.

Library Corner, etc.
The library corner is located in the lobby on the first floor of the main building, and has desks and chairs (for six people). Next to the library corner is a "Kids' Corner" where visitors can play with handmade wooden puzzles of fossil-related creatures such as ammonites, squid, octopus, and trilobites.